Last week we attended the American Bar Association Annual “ABA-IPL Copyright Meeting at the U.S. Copyright Office”. We had the opportunity to hear from the Director of the US Copyright Office on Key Updates on AI and Copyrightability.

Key Takeaways from the 2025 Copyright Office Report

Human Authorship Remains a Core Requirement

The Copyright Office reaffirms that U.S. copyright law protects works of human authorship. AI-generated content, on its own, does not qualify for copyright protection. However, when a human makes a sufficiently creative contribution—such as through expressive input, modifications, or arrangement—the work may be eligible for copyright protection.

AI as an Assistive Tool vs. AI as a Creator

The report differentiates between AI as an assistive tool and AI as an autonomous creator. If AI is merely used to enhance a human-created work, the resulting piece can be copyrighted. But if an AI system independently generates a work, the output itself is not protected under current law.

Case-by-Case Analysis for AI-Generated Content

Determining whether AI-assisted content qualifies for copyright protection will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The Copyright Office will evaluate factors such as:

The extent of human control over the final output.
Whether the human contribution demonstrates creative authorship.
How much AI influence is present in the work.

Prompts Alone Are Insufficient for Copyright

A significant clarification in the report is that merely providing prompts to an AI system does not qualify as human authorship. Since AI models generate content based on complex algorithms and learned patterns, the Copyright Office does not consider a prompt alone as a sufficient creative act to warrant copyright protection.

No New Legal Protections for AI-Generated Works

The report concludes that current copyright laws adequately address AI-generated content, and there is no immediate need for legislative changes. While some stakeholders advocate for new protections or a sui generis (unique) copyright framework for AI-generated works, the Copyright Office has not found a compelling case to introduce such measures at this time.

Implications for Creators and Businesses

This update has profound implications for creatives and businesses leveraging AI in content creation:

Artists and Writers: Ensure meaningful human involvement in AI-assisted works to secure copyright protection.
Software Developers: AI-generated code without human-authored modifications may not be copyrightable.
Businesses Using AI Content: Understand that AI-generated images, music, or text may not be protected under copyright law, impacting ownership rights and licensing strategies.
Looking Ahead: Future Developments

The Copyright Office will continue to monitor AI advancements and reassess legal frameworks as necessary. An update to the Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices is expected, providing further guidance on AI-related copyright registration and enforcement.

As AI capabilities evolve, the legal landscape surrounding copyright and AI will remain dynamic. Creators and businesses should stay informed and ensure compliance with copyright best practices to protect their intellectual property rights in the age of artificial intelligence.